Friday, September 28, 2012

Evolutionary psychologists study the purpose of punishment and reputation

ScienceDaily (Sep. 26, 2012) ? For two decades, evolutionary scientists have been locked in a debate over the evolved functions of three distinctive human behaviors: the great readiness we show for cooperating with new people, the strong interest we have in tracking others' reputations regarding how well they treat others, and the occasional interest we have in punishing people for selfishly mistreating others.

In an article published September 27 in the journal PLoS ONE, researchers at UC Santa Barbara's Center for Evolutionary Psychology report new findings that may help settle the debate and provide answers to the behavioral puzzle.

As they go about their daily lives, people usually don't know the names of the people they encounter and -- in cities, at least -- typically expect never to see them again, noted Max M. Krasnow, a postdoctoral researcher in psychology at UCSB and the paper's lead author. Despite the fact that these encounters are brief, anonymous, and unlikely to be repeated, however, people often behave as if they are interested in the ongoing well-being and behavior of the strangers they meet.

"Imagine that, while grocery shopping, you see someone help a wheelchair-bound person he or she doesn't know get her bags across the parking lot to her car. For many people, witnessing the action would elicit feelings of kindness toward the helper," Krasnow explained. "Equally, if people see someone driven off the road by a reckless driver, they might become angry enough to pursue and even confront the driver. Evolutionary scientists are interested in why humans have impulses to help the kind stranger or to punish the callous one. At first glance, these sometimes costly impulses seem like they would subtract from the welfare of the individual who exhibited them, and so should be evolutionarily disfavored."

Other contributors to the paper include Leda Cosmides and John Tooby, professors of psychology and anthropology, respectively, and co-directors of UCSB's Center for Evolutionary Psychology; and Eric J. Pedersen, a graduate student in psychology at the University of Miami.

Scientists have struggled for decades to explain these behaviors in evolutionary terms, with two alternative theories gaining prominence. The first proposes that these social inclinations emerged because our ancestors lived in small populations, where every encounter -- even one with a stranger -- had a chance to develop into an ongoing relationship that yielded mutual gains from cooperation. In such a world, paying attention to how those around you treat others could help zero in on the partners most likely to cooperate with you. In addition, letting it be known that you wouldn't allow yourself to be treated poorly would increase the likelihood that you'd be treated well.

The second theory suggests that these behaviors emerged because our ancestors lived in groups that often fought with other groups -- interactions where groups with high levels of internal cooperation would have the advantage over groups in which the members were divisive and exploitative of each other. This theory proposes that these other-oriented social inclinations were designed to cultivate a group-wide culture of cooperation.

"The reason why the debate has dragged on so long is that previous studies unfortunately focused on situations where the two theories made very similar predictions," said Tooby. "We wanted to design studies involving situations where the theories made sharply contrasting predictions, so the results would falsify one theory or the other."

In the studies reported in this paper, over 200 participants were tested in a series of structured social interactions designed to capture the essence of real-world situations like the supermarket mentioned above. "We wanted to know exactly what kinds of information people actually use in deciding who to trust -- that is, who to cooperate with, and who to avoid," said Krasnow. "If our minds are designed to seek out the benefits of cooperative relationships with others, then participants should have preferred to trust those likely to cooperate with them in particular. On the other hand, if our reputational psychology is designed to support group-wide cohesion and cooperation, the participants should have resisted cooperating with those who defected on other group members."

The findings supported the individual cooperation account, not the group cooperation account. "Participants ceased responding to information about whether their partners cheated others when they had good information that their partners would not cheat them," Tooby emphasized.

The researchers were also interested in testing the diverging predictions about what situations should trigger the inclination to punish cheating. "We all recognize that punishing others is costly and unpleasant," said Cosmides. "So what benefits led it to evolve?"

The authors reasoned that tracking the triggers of punishment should illuminate which benefits favored its evolution. "If the impulse to punish evolved as a bargaining tool to defend the individual by deterring against future instances of being cheated, then participants should be inclined to punish others' defections when they themselves would be vulnerable to being cheated by that person in the future," said Kasnow. "On the other hand, if our punitive psychology is designed to defend the group against cheating, then participants should have punished those who mistreated others, regardless of their own personal exposure to continuing mistreatment by that person."

The researchers found that participants strongly conditioned their punishment of their partners' cheating on their own vulnerability to continued bad treatment from their partner. As Krasnow pointed out, people in these experiments systematically avoided expending effort to reform those who only posed a risk to others. Cosmides noted, "It's very hard to reconcile these findings with the group cooperation theory."

These results have significant implications for the science of cooperation. "The current research findings suggest that the human readiness to cooperate, our selectivity in who we cooperate with, and our tendency to respond negatively when we are cheated form an efficient package to forge and maintain strongly cooperative relationships," said Krasnow. "The human tendencies to care about how a person treats others and to protest bad treatment are not simply a thin veneer of cultural norms atop a cold and calculating core. Rather, they represent fundamental features of a universal human social nature."

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The above story is reprinted from materials provided by University of California - Santa Barbara.

Note: Materials may be edited for content and length. For further information, please contact the source cited above.


Journal Reference:

  1. Krasnow MM, Cosmides L, Pedersen EJ, Tooby J. What Are Punishment and Reputation for? PLoS ONE, 2012; 7(9): e45662 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0045662

Note: If no author is given, the source is cited instead.

Disclaimer: This article is not intended to provide medical advice, diagnosis or treatment. Views expressed here do not necessarily reflect those of ScienceDaily or its staff.

Source: http://feeds.sciencedaily.com/~r/sciencedaily/top_news/top_health/~3/Es--gt6RInQ/120927092126.htm

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Wednesday, September 26, 2012

PFT: Carroll, McCarthy disagree on final play

201209242335849551075-p2Getty Images

The standard for determining whether a call should be overturned by replay review, as once explained by former Packers and Seahawks coach Mike Holmgren, is whether 50 drunks in a bar would agree that it was a bad call.

As to the final play from last night?s Packers-Seahawks game, millions of sober people believe that the ruling on the field should have been overturned.? Those millions don?t include the league office ? and they definitely don?t include Seahawks coach Pete Carroll.

?They said that the call was correct, and after review [it] was correct . . . because it was a simultaneous catch,? Carroll said Tuesday, on ESPN 710?s Brock & Salk.? ?So that?s it.? And that?s the NFL who?s in charge of the whole thing.? That?s not the officials on the field, that?s the league office said that.? And so, you know, it?s hard for everybody to accept, but that?s what it is and I don?t care.?

Regardless of whether there was indisputable visual evidence to reverse the touchdown, Carroll seems to think that the call as made on the field was the correct call.

?They were right on the point, looking right at it,? Carroll said of the officials.?? ?Standing right over the thing.? And they reviewed it.? Whether they missed the push or not, obviously they missed the push in there, in the battle for the ball.? But that stuff goes on all time.? They see it, they don?t see it.? That happens with the official officials.? And so the result is they called it, the league backed it up, game over, we win.?

Carroll may feel that way, some of his players may feel that way, and some of the team?s fans may feel that way.? But most objective observers believe it was a bad call, that it should have been overturned, and that the NFL?s stubborn insistence on winning the negotiation with the locked-out officials has created one of the most dubious moments in league history.

Congratulations, NFL.? We can only wonder what the encore will be.

Source: http://profootballtalk.nbcsports.com/2012/09/25/mike-mccarthy-ive-never-seen-anything-like-that-in-all-my-years/related/

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Newborn boy mauled to death as he slept by family pit bull while ...

A baby boy was mauled to death by the family pit bull while police were at the home following a 911 call about a domestic disturbance. Rayden Eugene Bruce, who was three months old, was attacked on the floor by the animal around 8.30pm on Monday after he was left sleeping alone in the bedroom. The horrific scene was discovered by the child's grandfather after he heard noises. The child's father grabbed his son and ran screaming from the home. Rayden was take to Cook Children's Medical Center in Fort Worth, Texas but later died.

http://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-2208464/Newborn-mauled-death-family-pit-bull-police-Texas-home-911-domestic-disturbance.html

Source: http://misanthropia777.blogspot.com/2012/09/newborn-boy-mauled-to-death-as-he-slept.html

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Tuesday, September 25, 2012

Critters Your Pet Should Avoid. Horse Soring ... - Penny's Tuppence

For ?Mammal Monday?:

10 Creatures and Critters Your Pet Should Avoid:

  1. Porcupines
  2. Porcupines are found all over the U.S. If your dog runs into one of these rodents in the woods, those mean-looking quills can easily embed themselves in your pet's skin, causing pain and anxiety.
  3. Typically, a lengthy visit to the vet is required to remove all the quills and treat any serious puncture wounds or infection.

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Rattlesnakes

If you take your dog camping, hiking, or elsewhere in the great outdoors, you should be aware that rattlesnake bites pose a significant danger. The most common bite site on a dog is the muzzle. A rattler's venom causes swelling, oozing blood, and death of tissues. Bleeding problems can occur for several days following a bite and can put your dog's life at risk.
Rattlesnakes inhabit many regions throughout the U.S., but the variety considered most deadly, the Mojave rattler, is found in the Southwest.
If your dog is bitten by a rattlesnake, keep him quiet, limit his ability to move to inhibit the spread of venom, and get him to your vet or an animal emergency clinic immediately.

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Bufo Marinus (Giant toads)

The giant toad, also known as the Cane toad, Marine toad and Bufo toad, also poses a considerable danger for dogs. This toad produces a toxin on its skin that can cause heart failure in a dog who simply picks the toad up in its mouth. Symptoms of poisoning by a giant toad include pain, drooling, crying, bright red gums and loss of coordination.
Giant toads are found in Florida, Hawaii and the southern most areas of the U.S.
If your dog comes in contact with a giant toad, gently rinse her mouth out thoroughly with water. Pour or spray the water into the side of her mouth so it flows out the other side without getting into the throat. Seek veterinary attention right away.

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Brown Recluse Spiders

The bite of this spider isn't immediately impressive, but the site of the bite soon develops into a large, deep wound that is difficult to treat. The injury can actually require surgery to heal properly, and in some cases causes permanent damage. Seek veterinary attention for your pet immediately if he's bitten by a brown recluse.
These spiders are most often encountered in states in the Midwest and south central regions of the U.S.

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Gila monster encounters are uncommon, but memorable. If your dog is unlucky enough to be bitten by one, the lizard will latch on, chew, and inject venom. Once latched on to your pet, a gila monster can be very hard to remove, and in fact, many dogs get rushed to the vet or emergency clinic with the creature still attached and chewing away. The bite is painful and can cause neurological signs. Fortunately, it is rarely life-threatening.
Gila monsters are found in the Southwest U.S. If your dog is bitten, don't pull the lizard off using force as this can leave teeth embedded in your dog's skin. Spraying water or rubbing alcohol on the lizard's nose will cause it to let go and drop off your dog.

?

Coyotes

Coyotes are predators that normally hunt small wild mammals. However, every spring and summer family pets also become prey for hungry or fearless coyotes.
Coyotes inhabit all of North America. If you live near undeveloped land where coyotes are likely to roam, you should keep a close eye on your pets when you let them outdoors ? especially if they're small, and especially after dark. Coyotes will also be attracted to pet food left outside, garbage cans, and water sources like ponds or even a fountain in the yard.

?

Fire Ants

  1. If you live in the southern U.S., you're probably familiar with fire ants. Dogs who sniff along the ground can run their noses right into a colony of fire ants. The bites of these ants really burn, and many dogs wind up seeing their vets for sore paws and noses.
    Fire ant bites are painful and unpleasant, but they aren't usually serious. If your dog runs into a swarm of fire ants, rinse the sore area with cool water and call your vet for next steps, if necessary.

?

Bees

If your dog gets her first bee sting, she'll probably have a bit of pain from the sting and some mild swelling. However, subsequent bee stings can result in more severe reactions. Fatal reactions in canines are uncommon, but not unheard of. In addition, Africanized bees are very aggressive.
No matter where you live in the U.S., there are bees. Africanized honey bees are found in the Southwest, Florida, Arkansas, Oklahoma and Texas.
If your dog is stung by a bee, contact your vet immediately. If your pet can't be seen right away, give a child's dose of antihistamine to a small dog or an adult dose to a large dog.

?

Skunks

Most people think the only danger from skunks is the wildly stinky spray they release when threatened. But skunks also have very powerful front claws that can injure your pet. They can carry rabies as well.

If your pet encounters a skunk and gets sprayed, read here for the best way to get rid of the smell.

?

Scorpions

Scorpions are found primarily in the southwestern U.S. and pose a real danger to both pets and people. If you live in an area where scorpions are common, keep a close eye on your pet. If he's tracking something on the ground, make sure it isn't a scorpion.
Scorpion venom can be deadly. If you suspect your pet has encountered a scorpion, if he's limping or seems sick after being outdoors, call your vet or an animal emergency clinic immediately.

From: http://healthypets.mercola.com/sites/healthypets/archive/2012/09/14/10-wildlife-species-pets-should-avoid.aspx?e_cid=20120914_PetsNL_art_3

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Tennessee Walking Horse Abuse,? Published on Aug 28, 2012 by hsus

?Convicted horse trainer Barney Davis discusses how rampant horse soring is in the Walking Horse industry.

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Cruelty Behind Tennessee Walking Horses

?In the Tennessee Walking Horse Industry, it all comes down to one competition: Celebration.? To win, horse trainers go to cruel extremes.?? TAKE ACTION: https://secure.humanesociety.org/site/Advocacy?cmd=display&page=UserActio...

Tennessee Walking Horse.

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Horse soring bill faces its share of resistance

WASHINGTON ? ?Two House members introduced legislation Thursday to strengthen laws against soring of Tennessee Walking Horses, but supporters warned that the bill would not be easy to pass.

While soring ? inflicting pain on horses? legs, joints and hooves so that their gait becomes more high stepping ? is already against the law, Reps. Ed Whitfield, R-Ky., and Steve Cohen, D-Memphis, said their bill would amend the Horse Protection Act of 1970 to:

? Put the Agriculture Department in charge of licensing inspectors and have it assign an inspector to any show that requests one. It also increases the number of inspectors the agency can use for surprise inspections at shows that don?t request a licensed inspector. Funding for the increase in inspectors would come from giving the department a share of the entrance fees that horse owners pay at shows.

? Outlaw the use of ?action devices? that rub on sore areas of a horse to increase pain.

? Increase penalties for soring, with fines of up to $5,000 or imprisonment for up to three years or both.

? Increase fines from $2,000 to $4,000 for hiring an unlicensed inspector.

Whitfield and Cohen announced the bill at a Capitol Hill news conference where they also showed an undercover video aired by ABC News? ?Nightline? that showed horses wrenching in pain because of soring techniques employed by trainers.? No matter what the industry says, ?it appears this is a widespread practice,? Whitfield said.

About the Tennessee Walking Show Horse Organization, in particular, he added, ?I think it?s pretty obvious they have been turning their eyes away.? More at: http://www.tennessean.com/article/20120914/NEWS21/309140062/Horse-soring-bill-faces-its-share-resistance?nclick_check=1

Related Links

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Bill Would Outlaw Horse Soring

?U.S. lawmakers from Kentucky and Tennessee have introduced a bill intended to outlaw horse "soring," an abusive practice of intentionally and repeatedly injuring the forelegs of horses in order to enhance their performance in competitive events.

Most of often used in the training of Tennessee Walking Horses to accentuate the breed's distinctively exaggerated gait rewarded in competitions, soring is accomplished by blistering the horse's forelegs with chemicals or forcing the horse to wear devices that irritate or actually cut its legs.?? More at: http://usgovinfo.about.com/b/2012/09/19/bill-would-outlaw-horse-soring.htm

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Another reminder for? WCS Run for the Wild??? http://e.wcs.org/site/R?i=v-OpYx92k_Xs8FcKdV4zHQ

http://e.wcs.org/site/R?i=kHc3mcssrAHY2_lnXe7WKw?Mark your calendar for an exciting day at WCS's New York Aquarium in Coney Island on Saturday, October 6. At this family-oriented 5K run/walk on Brooklyn's storied boardwalk, participants will make tracks for walruses and other endangered wildlife at the aquarium and around the globe. Your registration includes:

  • All-day access to the New York Aquarium
  • Free commemorative t-shirt
  • Staggered starts for runners and walkers/ families
  • Prizes for fundraisers of all levels, including kisses from the aquarium's sea lions!

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On This Day:

Muhammad completes Hegira, Sep 24, 622:

?On this day in 622, the ?prophet? Muhammad completes his Hegira, or "flight," from Mecca to Medina to escape persecution. In Medina, Muhammad set about building the followers of his religion--Islam--into an organized community and Arabian power. The Hegira would later mark the beginning (year 1) of the Muslim calendar. When he was 25, Muhammad married a wealthy widow 15 years his senior and lived the next 15 years as a merchant.

From time to time, Muhammad spent nights in a cave in Mount Hira north of Mecca, ruminating on the social ills of the city. Around 610, he had a vision in the cave in which he heard the voice of a majestic being, later identified as the angel Gabriel, say to him, "You are the Messenger of God." Thus began a lifetime of religious revelations, which he and others collected as the Qur'an, or Koran.

Muhammad regarded himself as the last prophet of the Judaic-Christian tradition, and he adopted aspects of these older religions' theologies while introducing new doctrines. Muhammad's monotheistic religion came to be called Islam, meaning "surrender [to God]," and its followers were Muslims, meaning "those who have surrendered." His inspired teachings would bring unity to the Arabian peninsula, an event that had sweeping consequences for the rest of the world.

In the summer of 621, an entourage of 12 men came to Mecca from Medina, an oasis community 200 miles to the north. They were ostensibly making a pilgrimage to Mecca's pagan shrines, but they had actually come to meet with Muhammad and profess themselves as Muslims. In 622, a larger group of converts from Medina came to Mecca and took an oath to Muhammad to defend him as their own kin. Muhammad immediately encouraged his Meccan followers to make their way to Medina in small groups. When city authorities learned that the Muslims had begun an exodus, they plotted to have the prophet killed. Under this threat, Muhammad slipped away unnoticed with a chief disciple and made his way to Medina, using unfrequented paths. He completed the celebrated Hegira (Hijrah in uncorrupted Arabic) on September 24, 622. The history of Islam had begun.

He was now the strongest man in Arabia. During the next few years, most of the peninsula's disparate Arab tribes came to him to ask for alliance and to convert to his religion. By his death, on June 8, 632, Muhammad was the effective ruler of most of Arabia, and his rapidly growing empire was poised for expansion into Syria and Iraq.

Within 20 years, the Byzantine and Persian empires had fallen to the prophet's successors, and during the next two centuries vast Arab conquests continued. The Islamic empire grew into one of the largest the world has ever seen, stretching from India, across the Middle East and Africa, and up through Western Europe's Iberian peninsula. The spread of Islam continued after the fragmentation of the Arab empire, and many societies in Africa and Asia voluntarily adopted Muhammad's religion. Today, Islam is the world's second-largest religion.?

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Honda Motor Company is incorporated, Sep 24, 1948:

?On this day, motorcycle builder Soichiro Honda incorporates the Honda Motor Company in Hamamatsu, Japan. In the 1960s, the company achieved worldwide fame for its motorcycles (in particular, its C100 Super Cub, which became the world's best-selling vehicle); in the 1970s, it achieved worldwide fame for its affordable, fuel-efficient cars. Today, in large part because of its continued emphasis on affordability, efficiency and eco-friendliness (its internal motto is "Blue skies for our children"), the company is doing better than most.

Before he founded the company that bore his name, Soichiro Honda was a drifter and a dreamer. He bounced from one mechanic's job to another, and also worked as a babysitter, a race car driver and an amateur distiller. Even his wife said he was a "wizard at hardly working." In 1946, he took over an old factory that lay mostly in ruins from wartime bombings, though he did not have much of a plan for what he would do there. First he tried building what he called a "rotary weaving machine"; next he tried to mass-produce frosted glass windows, then woven bamboo roof panels. Finally, after he came across a cache of surplus two-stroke motors, he had an idea: motorbikes.

Honda adapted the motors to run on turpentine and affixed them to flimsy cycle frames built by workers at the Hamamatsu factory. The bikes sold like hotcakes to people desperate for a way to get around in postwar Japan, where there was virtually no gasoline and no real public transit. Soon enough, Honda had sold out of those old engines and was making his own. In 1947, the factory produced its first complete motorbike, the one-half horsepower A-Type (nicknamed "The Chimney" because it was so smoky and smelly). After the company's incorporation, Honda produced a more sophisticated bike: the 1949 steel-framed, front- and rear-suspended D-Type that could go as fast as 50 miles per hour. At the end of the 1950s, it introduced the Cub, a Vespa clone that was especially popular with women and was the first Honda product to be sold in the United States.

Starting in the 1960s, the company produced a few small cars and sporty racers, but it wasn't until it introduced the Civic in 1973 that it really entered the auto market. The car's CVCC engine burned less fuel and could pass American emissions tests without a catalytic converter; as a result, the car was a hit with American drivers frustrated by rising gasoline costs. The slightly larger, plusher 1976 Accord won even more fans, and in 1989 it became the most popular car in the United States.

More recently, the customer base for Honda's efficient, environmentally friendly cars has grown exponentially. Its tiny Fit car is selling well, and the company has plans to introduce a five-door hybrid model that will compete with Toyota's Prius.

Soichiro Honda was inducted into the Automotive Hall of Fame in 1989. He died two years later at the age of 84.?

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Yesterday:

Not much going on.? Jay called to remind me that Maddie needed her Revolution, (flea, tick, mite, heartworm preventative).? So I took it, and Misty down there, and we had our walk.? Misty and I went across the street, so we talked to Muffie and her ?Dad?, then I had coffee on Jay?s mother?s porch, so Misty talked to little Maddie.? Jay had his water hose going, so he rinsed the dust off the Puddle Jumper.?

Jay has bought an antenna that he says will get 40 TV channels out of the air, I?ll believe it when I see it.? If so, I want one, and get rid of the expensive cable.? Misty and I stopped at Sam?s to clean and medicate Mikey?s ears.

Then I went over some paperwork, and emails.? Also, I found the phone number for eBay?s Resolution Center.? A seller did not issue a refund for an item I returned to them, as it was ?Not as Advertised?.? The case has been ?open? for some time, but nothing had been done about it.? eBay said they will issue the refund, and take it up with the seller.? That?s nice, I guess you just have to jostle someone.

Since Ray and I worked on the TV coax cable, the cabinet we moved is still not where it belongs in the workshop as I can?t move it back by myself.? So I vacuumed where it goes, but I found a hole under the utility sink where mice could get in.? The contractors had made the hole too large for the drain, so that will have to be fixed first.? Always something!? Maybe the hillbilly way, and cut a license plate to go around it??? The cabinet is in the way of my washing machine, so doing the laundry was postponed, but I did change the sheets.

The weather has been lovely, and the AC hasn?t been needed except in the afternoons for the last few days.

Source: http://pennys-tuppence.blogspot.com/2012/09/critters-your-pet-should-avoid-horse.html

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Sunday, September 23, 2012

Part-time jobs fair

Event Date:Wednesday, 26 September, 2012 Time:10:30 AM ? 2:00 PM
Location: Garthdee Campus, Garthdee Road, Aberdeen

The Part-Time Jobs Fair is organised annually by the Careers Centre for all students.

This is an excellent opportunity for you to network with local employers who are keen to recruit part-time staff.

More information can be found on the webpage:

Part Time Jobs Fair

Source: http://www.rgu.ac.uk/index.cfm?objectid=9AC5E176-D609-CAA9-E2CAFF25A92D8944

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Germany military envoy given Croatian state decoration

ZAGREB, Sept 21 (Hina) -?On behalf of Croatian President and Armed Forces Supreme Commander Ivo Josipovic, Deputy Defence Minister Visnja Tafra on Friday handed German military envoy Colonel Ralf Mayer a state decoration for his outstanding contribution to the development of Croatian-German relations.

Mayer was accredited military envoy three years ago today and during his mandate an excellent platform has been established, enabling Croatia to become one of the countries with the status of Germany's privileged partner, the Defence Ministry said in a press release.

Tafra said the Croatian-German alliance was most evident in the NATO-led ISAF mission to Afghanistan as well as in the joint engagement in the stabilisation of Southeast Europe.

Earlier this month, the 20th 259-strong Croatian contingent was sent to ISAF and deployed in the Regional Command North, which is under German control.

Mayer thanked Tafra for the decoration, saying it was the result of Croatian-German defence cooperation. He said one of the biggest joint successes was Croatia's inclusion in the international operation Atalanta, as part of which one Croatian Navy officer is deployed on a German Navy ship and another in a German base in Djibouti.

Source: http://dalje.com/en-croatia/germany-military-envoy-given-croatian-state-decoration/446734

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Friday, September 21, 2012

AP sources: US to take Iran group off terror list

A Sajjil missile is displayed by Iran's Revolutionary Guard, in front of a portrait of the Iranian supreme leader Ayatollah Ali Khamenei, during a military parade commemorating the start of the Iraq-Iran war 32 years ago, in front of the mausoleum of the late revolutionary leader Ayatollah Khomeini, just outside Tehran, Iran, Friday, Sept. 21, 2012. (AP Photo/Vahid Salemi)

A Sajjil missile is displayed by Iran's Revolutionary Guard, in front of a portrait of the Iranian supreme leader Ayatollah Ali Khamenei, during a military parade commemorating the start of the Iraq-Iran war 32 years ago, in front of the mausoleum of the late revolutionary leader Ayatollah Khomeini, just outside Tehran, Iran, Friday, Sept. 21, 2012. (AP Photo/Vahid Salemi)

Masked Iranian army troops march in a military parade commemorating the start of the Iraq-Iran war 32 years ago, in front of the mausoleum of the late revolutionary founder Ayatollah Khomeini, outside Tehran, Iran, Friday, Sept. 21, 2012. (AP Photo/Vahid Salemi)

(AP) ? The Obama administration will remove from the U.S. terrorism list an Iranian militant group formerly allied with Saddam Hussein, officials said Friday, describing a move that will infuriate Tehran and end years of high-profile campaigning by the group.

Secretary of State Hillary Rodham Clinton will notify Congress of her intent later Friday, the officials said. A court order had given her until Oct. 1 to make a decision about the Mujahedeen-e-Khalq, or MEK. The officials spoke on condition of anonymity because they weren't authorized to speak about the matter.

Clinton's decision comes just days after the last big batch of the Iranian exiles reluctantly left their decades-old paramilitary base in northeastern Iraq, relocating for now to a refugee camp outside Baghdad. The U.S. had insisted that the MEK's 3,000 members comply with an Iraqi demand to leave Camp Ashraf as a condition of the MEK's removal from the list of foreign terrorist organizations.

Derided by its critics as a cult, the group has journeyed through multiple countries and the shifting alliances of the Middle East over its four-decade history. The MEK helped Islamic clerics overthrow Iran's shah before carrying out a series of bombings and assassinations against the Iranian government. It fought in the 1980s alongside Saddam's forces in the Iran-Iraq war, but disarmed after the U.S. invasion of Iraq in 2003. It has since suffered violent recriminations from Iraq's new Shiite-dominated government.

The decision to remove the MEK list rested on two factors: whether it still had the capacity and intent to commit acts of terror. Several American military officials and defense contractors were killed by the MEK in the 1970s, U.S. officials maintain, and its attacks have killed hundreds of Iranians. But the group contended it swore off violence more than a decade ago and now only seeks a peaceful overthrow of Iran's theocratic government.

The MEK assembled a high-profile roster of champions even as it remained on the U.S. blacklist. Luminaries who've advocated for the MEK's removal from the list include former Attorney General Michael Mukasey, former FBI Director Louis Freeh, former Homeland Security Secretary Tom Ridge, former Pennsylvania Gov. Ed Rendell and James Jones, President Barack Obama's first national security adviser.

That led the Treasury Department earlier this year to examine whether the officials were providing illegal material support to designated terrorists; that civil inquiry probably would be nullified now. Removal from the list also should make it easier for the MEK to raise money and recruit in the United States.

The organization is far from Iran's mainstream opposition, however.

The group has an ideology mixing Marxism, secularism, an obsession with martyrdom and near adoration of its leaders. A 2009 report by the security think tank RAND accuses it of fraudulent recruiting as well as "authoritarian control, confiscation of assets, sexual control (including mandatory divorce and celibacy), emotional isolation, forced labor, sleep deprivation, physical abuse and limited exit options."

MEK supporters say this is Iranian propaganda, pointing to several former members who've freely left the group.

It also vehemently rejects the Iranian accusation that members have worked with Israel to assassinate several Iranian nuclear scientists. U.S. officials say there is no evidence to suggest recent terrorist activity by the group.

U.S. officials said Clinton's letter to Congress would not amount to a final designation. That will probably come in a couple of weeks as officials unfreeze assets held by the group in the United States and other legal work that might allow it to open a U.S. office.

Camp Ashraf is not yet fully closed. An estimated 200 exiles remain there to try to sell off the property that was left behind in the move, but Iraq's government wants them to leave quickly.

The hostility of Baghdad's Shiite leaders reflect its desire to build stronger ties with Iran, but also the deep hatred for the group in Iraq because of its purported role in helping Saddam crush Shiite and Kurdish revolts in the 1990s.

When the MEK handed over its hundreds of tanks and artillery pieces to U.S. forces, the Bush administration agreed to protect the group and posted soldiers and a general at the camp for years. The army and the MEK even worked on joint patrols and other emergency plans.

But for Iraqi authorities the camp remained a no-go zone. In effect, the MEK attempted to defend a sovereign zone inside the post-Saddam Iraq, which U.S. officials say contributed to violence.

An Iraqi raid last year left 34 exiles dead.

The MEK has shown footage of the atrocities and gained U.S. support. But it said it needed the administration to act because the terrorist label helped Iraqi authorities justify mistreatment of its members and made it harder for residents to find permanent homes in other nations.

Most of its members are now in Camp Liberty, a former U.S. base designed as a compromise way-station for the United Nations to speed them out of Iraq peacefully. Several governments are weighing whether to accept them. Washington could allow the immigration of some, but none that were actively involved in terrorist attacks from the 1970s-1990s, officials have said.

After suffering a crackdown under Iran's monarchy, the MEK helped Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini overthrow U.S.-backed Shah Mohammed Reza Pahlavi in Iran's Islamic Revolution in 1979.

It then quickly fell out with Khomeini, and thousands of its followers were killed, imprisoned or forced into exile. It launched its campaign of assassinations and bombings against Iran's government in retaliation. The U.S. declared it a terrorist organization in 1997 at a time when Washington sought warmer relations with Tehran under the reformist presidency of Mohammad Khatami.

Yet the group also has provided the Americans with intelligence on Iran and convinced many governments that it has abandoned terrorism. In 2002, it revealed Iran's secret work on uranium enrichment near the city of Natanz ? intelligence that many speculated came from Israel's Mossad.

It claims to have a strong network of sympathizers and informants inside Iran. But would-be reformers have distanced themselves from the movement. The Green Movement that protested after the 2009 fraud-riddled re-election of President Mahmoud Ahmadinejad has publicly shunned the MEK.

Still, the group presses on with its goal of replacing the Iranian regime with a democratic, secular government. It says its parliament in exile includes Kurds, Baluchis, Armenians, Jews and Zoroastrians.

Because the MEK cannot operate legally in the U.S., it has lobbied its cause through several front organizations. Maryam Rajavi is the ostensible head of the whole movement from the France headquarters of the National Council of Resistance of Iran. Her husband, Massoud, was the MEK's leader before he disappeared in Baghdad nine years ago. He is presumed dead.

The terror designation "was illegitimate from the onset," said Shahin Gobadi, a Paris-based spokesman for the group. He called it an impediment to change in Iran, an unfair punishment of the MEK and the justification for Iraqi mistreatment of its members.

Associated Press

Source: http://hosted2.ap.org/APDEFAULT/386c25518f464186bf7a2ac026580ce7/Article_2012-09-21-US-US-Iran-Opposition/id-9875a4854c0d46cbbab918fd33bba8b9

new orleans jazz fest louis ck

SAfrican police kill 2 more in crackdown on strike

RUSTENBURG, South Africa (AP) ? South African police have killed two more people in a crackdown on striking miners, labor advocates said Thursday, with the victims being a ruling party municipal councilor who died of injuries from a rubber bullet and a miner who was run over by an armored car.

Police threatened to take further action Thursday against illegally protesting strikers at the world's biggest platinum producer, Anglo American Platinum. Wildcat strikes continued at several other mines even as miners returned to work at the Lonmin PLC platinum mine where police killed 34 miners on Aug. 16. The violence started Aug. 10 with a wage dispute and union rivalry.

Police in two water cannon trucks and several armored cars moved in Thursday morning on a gathering of striking Anglo American Platinum miners at a shantytown where residents set up barricades of rocks and burning tires and logs. Strike leader Evans Ramokga told The Associated Press that one miner was run over Wednesday by a police armored car and dragged several meters (feet) before it stopped. He said the man died overnight in the hospital.

Police spokesman Dennis Adriao said he was unaware of the incident which occurred at the scene where police fired rubber bullets, tear gas and stun grenades to break up a march by thousands of strikers. The mines near Rustenburg belong to Anglo American Platinum, the world's largest platinum producer.

"The only thing we want is to sit down and have them hear our demands," Ramokga said. He said authorities have refused to give permission for the thousands of strikers among Anglo's 15,000 workers there to hold a protest march to back their demands for a gross monthly salary of 16,070 rand ($2,000).

Anglo issued an ultimatum for workers to report for duty by Thursday night or threatened to act on a court order declaring the strike illegal. That gives Anglo the power to fire strikers.

"Anglo American Platinum's Rustenburg mining operations are already under considerable economic pressure, any further delays in returning to work will only increase the risk to the long-term viability of these mines," it said in a statement late Wednesday.

The Marikana Solidarity Campaign meanwhile reported that African National Congress councilor Paulina Masutlhe was shopping Saturday at the Wonderkop shantytown where Lonmin platinum miners live when police firing from a speeding armored car hit several women. Masutlhe was hit in the abdomen and leg and rushed to the hospital, where she died Wednesday, a statement said.

Adriao said he is investigating the report of a death. He said police had reported to the Independent Police Investigative Directorate that several people were hit by rubber bullets in a raid to disarm strikers on Saturday, the day after the government ordered a crackdown.

The directorate already has opened 34 murder and 78 attempted murder charges against police in the Aug. 16 shootings, the worst state violence since the white minority apartheid regime was brought down in 1994. The government has said it is awaiting the outcome of a judicial commission of inquiry that is to report to the president in January.

The solidarity campaign condemned the brutality of police and called for "the immediate identification and suspension of the police officers involved in her (Masutlhe's) murder. "

"We are also extremely unhappy that, to date, none of the police officers involved in the massacre on 16 August 2012 has been identified or suspended - this is totally unacceptable and unlawful," said the campaign that includes the powerful Congress of South African Trade Unions that is part of a governing alliance with the African National Congress party and the South African Communist Party.

The deaths at the two mines, both northwest of Johannesburg, bring the strike-related death toll to 47.

Lonmin on Tuesday resolved its five-week strike by agreeing to pay raises of 16 to 22 percent.

The strike already has spread to several gold, platinum and chrome mines, damaging investor confidence in the country that produces 75 percent of world platinum and is the No. 4 chrome producer and in the top 10 of gold producers.

---

Faul reported from Johannesburg.

Source: http://news.yahoo.com/safrican-police-kill-2-more-crackdown-strike-064031480.html

michael mcdonald

Thursday, September 20, 2012

The Harsh Realities Of Grandparenting In Vietnam

In North America, the time comes for many older people to settle down into a quiet life without the distraction of younger generations.

But, according to Vietnam News, The National English Language Daily, 60+ adults have become a national generation of babysitters for their grandchildren.

Outside of maternity leave, the parents are out working and can?t spend time at home. The dreams of the golden years for the grandparents are replaced by long days of feeding children, playing with them, buying food and cooking meals.

Thu Trang wrote for Vietnam News: ?My mother is not alone. All elderly people in my neighborhood take care of their grandchildren.?

Some grandparents offer to look after their grandparents instead of hiring someone, because they don?t have confidence in anyone else.

Problems arise when the elderly raise their grandparents. At their age many suffer from high blood pressure and rheumatism, leaving them too tired to take care of grandchildren.

The news source quoted Chairman of the Ha Noi Elderly People?s Association: ?Loving your descendants and wanting to share their work is a long-standing tradition in Vietnam. But the elderly should have time to enjoy their old age and take care of themselves.?

In North America, grandparents have the advantage of living in safe and healthy Assisted Living or Continuing Care residences.

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Source: http://www.retirementhomes.com/library/the-harsh-realities-of-grandparenting-in-vietnam/

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Wednesday, September 19, 2012

Tuesday, September 18, 2012

Disability caused by traumatic brain injury in children may persist and stop improving after 2 years

Disability caused by traumatic brain injury in children may persist and stop improving after 2 years [ Back to EurekAlert! ] Public release date: 18-Sep-2012
[ | E-mail | Share Share ]

Contact: Kathryn Ruehle
kruehle@liebertpub.com
Mary Ann Liebert, Inc./Genetic Engineering News

New Rochelle, NY, September 18, 2012A child who suffers a moderate or severe traumatic brain injury (TBI) may still have substantial functional disabilities and reduced quality of life 2 years after the injury. After those first 2 years, further improvement may be minimal. Better interventions are needed to prevent long-lasting consequences of TBI in children conclude the authors of a study published in Journal of Neurotrauma, a peer-reviewed journal from Mary Ann Liebert, Inc., publishers. The article is available free on the Journal of Neurotrauma website at http://www.liebertpub.com/neu.

Frederick Rivara and colleagues from University of Washington, Seattle, and Mary Bridge Children's Hospital, Tacoma, WA, and Children's Hospital of Philadelphia and the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, describe the functional and quality of life outcomes of children who experienced a moderate or severe TBI when they were 0-17 years of age. In the article "Persistence of Disability 24 to 36 Months after Pediatric Traumatic Brain Injury: A Cohort Study" they follow up on a previous report that found improvement in some areas of functioning for up to 24 months. In this expanded study, the authors showed no significant improvement in the children's ability to function, participate in activities, or in their quality of life between 24 and 36 months post-injury, and they suggest that a plateau is reached in the recovery.

"This important communication by Rivara and colleagues reinforces the concept that pediatric traumatic brain injury is associated with significant enduring morbidity, with recovery plateauing over time," says John T. Povlishock, PhD, Editor-in-Chief of Journal of Neurotrauma and Professor, VCU Neuroscience Center, Medical College of Virginia, Richmond. "This finding also reinforces emerging thought that pediatric traumatic brain injury must be viewed in another context, rather than the current perception that the course of such injury parallels that found in the adult population."

###

About the Journal Journal of Neurotrauma is an authoritative peer-reviewed journal published in print and online that focuses on the latest advances in the clinical and laboratory investigation of traumatic brain and spinal cord injury. Emphasis is on the basic pathobiology of injury to the nervous system, and the papers and reviews evaluate preclinical and clinical trials targeted at improving the early management and long-term care and recovery of patients with traumatic brain injury. Journal of Neurotrauma is the Official Journal of the National Neurotrauma Society and the International Neurotrauma Society. Complete tables of content and a sample issue may be viewed on the Journal of Neurotrauma website at http://www.liebertpub.com/neu.

About the Publisher Mary Ann Liebert, Inc., publishers is a privately held, fully integrated media company known for establishing authoritative peer-reviewed journals in many promising areas of science and biomedical research, including Therapeutic Hypothermia and Temperature Management, Tissue Engineering, and Brain Connectivity. Its biotechnology trade magazine, Genetic Engineering & Biotechnology News (GEN), was the first in its field and is today the industry's most widely read publication worldwide. A complete list of the firm's 70 journals, books, and newsmagazines is available on the Mary Ann Liebert, Inc., publishers website at http://www.liebertpub.com.

Mary Ann Liebert, Inc. 140 Huguenot St., New Rochelle, NY 10801-5215 Phone: (914) 740-2100 (800) M-LIEBERT Fax: (914) 740-2101 http://www.liebertpub.com


[ Back to EurekAlert! ] [ | E-mail | Share Share ]

?


AAAS and EurekAlert! are not responsible for the accuracy of news releases posted to EurekAlert! by contributing institutions or for the use of any information through the EurekAlert! system.


Disability caused by traumatic brain injury in children may persist and stop improving after 2 years [ Back to EurekAlert! ] Public release date: 18-Sep-2012
[ | E-mail | Share Share ]

Contact: Kathryn Ruehle
kruehle@liebertpub.com
Mary Ann Liebert, Inc./Genetic Engineering News

New Rochelle, NY, September 18, 2012A child who suffers a moderate or severe traumatic brain injury (TBI) may still have substantial functional disabilities and reduced quality of life 2 years after the injury. After those first 2 years, further improvement may be minimal. Better interventions are needed to prevent long-lasting consequences of TBI in children conclude the authors of a study published in Journal of Neurotrauma, a peer-reviewed journal from Mary Ann Liebert, Inc., publishers. The article is available free on the Journal of Neurotrauma website at http://www.liebertpub.com/neu.

Frederick Rivara and colleagues from University of Washington, Seattle, and Mary Bridge Children's Hospital, Tacoma, WA, and Children's Hospital of Philadelphia and the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, describe the functional and quality of life outcomes of children who experienced a moderate or severe TBI when they were 0-17 years of age. In the article "Persistence of Disability 24 to 36 Months after Pediatric Traumatic Brain Injury: A Cohort Study" they follow up on a previous report that found improvement in some areas of functioning for up to 24 months. In this expanded study, the authors showed no significant improvement in the children's ability to function, participate in activities, or in their quality of life between 24 and 36 months post-injury, and they suggest that a plateau is reached in the recovery.

"This important communication by Rivara and colleagues reinforces the concept that pediatric traumatic brain injury is associated with significant enduring morbidity, with recovery plateauing over time," says John T. Povlishock, PhD, Editor-in-Chief of Journal of Neurotrauma and Professor, VCU Neuroscience Center, Medical College of Virginia, Richmond. "This finding also reinforces emerging thought that pediatric traumatic brain injury must be viewed in another context, rather than the current perception that the course of such injury parallels that found in the adult population."

###

About the Journal Journal of Neurotrauma is an authoritative peer-reviewed journal published in print and online that focuses on the latest advances in the clinical and laboratory investigation of traumatic brain and spinal cord injury. Emphasis is on the basic pathobiology of injury to the nervous system, and the papers and reviews evaluate preclinical and clinical trials targeted at improving the early management and long-term care and recovery of patients with traumatic brain injury. Journal of Neurotrauma is the Official Journal of the National Neurotrauma Society and the International Neurotrauma Society. Complete tables of content and a sample issue may be viewed on the Journal of Neurotrauma website at http://www.liebertpub.com/neu.

About the Publisher Mary Ann Liebert, Inc., publishers is a privately held, fully integrated media company known for establishing authoritative peer-reviewed journals in many promising areas of science and biomedical research, including Therapeutic Hypothermia and Temperature Management, Tissue Engineering, and Brain Connectivity. Its biotechnology trade magazine, Genetic Engineering & Biotechnology News (GEN), was the first in its field and is today the industry's most widely read publication worldwide. A complete list of the firm's 70 journals, books, and newsmagazines is available on the Mary Ann Liebert, Inc., publishers website at http://www.liebertpub.com.

Mary Ann Liebert, Inc. 140 Huguenot St., New Rochelle, NY 10801-5215 Phone: (914) 740-2100 (800) M-LIEBERT Fax: (914) 740-2101 http://www.liebertpub.com


[ Back to EurekAlert! ] [ | E-mail | Share Share ]

?


AAAS and EurekAlert! are not responsible for the accuracy of news releases posted to EurekAlert! by contributing institutions or for the use of any information through the EurekAlert! system.


Source: http://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2012-09/mali-dcb091812.php

kristin chenoweth

Monday, September 17, 2012

How Acid Reflux Can Worsen Your Asthma | itworkss

Asthma is a chronic lung situation that is characterized by difficulty in breathing, wheezing, and mucus accumulation. People with asthma have added sensitive or hyper-responsive airways. For the duration of an asthma attack, the airways become irritated and react by narrowing and constructing, causing improved resistance to airflow, and obstructing the flow of the air passages to and from the lungs.

Some research indicates that the signs and symptoms of asthma may possibly get worse when you have heartburn or acid reflux. Acid reflux occurs when your undigested stomach content moves back up into your esophagus.

Acid reflux can cause painful heartburn which you can relieve with antacid medicines or organic remedies. Antacids merely neutralize your stomach?s acid, which reduces the burning sensation in your esophagus tube. It is very best to use natural treatments 1st since neutralising stomach acid is a temporary strategy and only serves to suppress the lead to of acid reflux.

For acid reflux, it is best to use digestive enzymes. Take an excellent digestive enzyme with each and every meal you consume. The next step would be to understand how to eat so you do not get acid reflux or heartburn.

Acid reflux happens mainly in men and women who are older and overweight. But often it can take place in children and in all kinds of individuals.

In some studies, researchers have injected acid into the esophageus of individuals with asthma, and it had a significant impact on their asthma and increased their asthma signs and symptoms.

These is also evidence to recommend that men and women who have asthma get acid reflux much more frequently than individuals without asthma. This is possibly because of the massive pressure adjustments in the chest during breathing in individuals with asthma. These high pressures could force liquid to travel the incorrect way up the esophagus.

In these cases, asthma sufferers seem to shed out twice: they suffer from asthma and they may possibly suffer from acid reflux more frequently than non asthma sufferers.

However, this is not the complete story. If acid reflux truly was an critical lead to of asthma worsening, then remedies against acid reflux should make the asthma much better, however, this is generally not the situation.

In the meantime, if you have asthma and you also have acid reflux, it could just be that careful therapy of your reflux will make your breathing much better.

If your asthma is negative and no-a single knows why, some doctors would verify no matter whether you have or had acid reflux by conducting tests to measure the acidity in your stomach. If the outcome showed a tendency for acid reflux, then your medical doctor really should help you eradicate this situation.

Making use of a medical professional who uses natural approaches to treat acid reflux is the finest way to go. Utilizing drugs to remove acid reflux when you are currently taking drugs for asthma is asking for addition health troubles in the future. Drugs do not remedy acid reflux and result in Theis situation to worsen. It is very best to use organic remedies and diet plan to get rid of acid reflux and heartburn.

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Source: http://www.itworkss.com/2012/09/16/how-acid-reflux-can-worsen-your-asthma-3/

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Sunday, September 16, 2012

The Marikana massacre: a glimpse of the men behind the numbers

The City Press, a mainstream newspaper in South Africa, has published short obituaries of the striking miners gunned down by the ANC government.
Stelega Gadlela (50)
His first name was Stelega, a word Swazi language speakers use to describe a strike.
Ironic then that Stelega was shot by police during a strike by miners at Marikana.
Stelega hailed from the rural village of Dvokolwako, 60km from the city of Manzini, in Swaziland.
He left the kingdom in 1982 to search for work in South Africa and changed mining jobs a few times before settling at Lonmin in 1989.
He worked hard and climbed the ladder to become team leader.
The father of 11 children, aged between four and 28, he was his large family?s sole breadwinner. His dream was to extend their four-room house.
?He was our only hope. He was responsible for everything in the house,? said Stelega?s daughter, Hlengiwe (28). ?Whenever he was on leave, he often spoke about building us a bigger house.?
Stelega?s wife, Betty, could not talk to City Press as Swazi culture forbids it because she is in mourning.
Meanwhile, close relatives were trying to imagine what would happen to Stelega?s family and all the other relatives he carried on his shoulders.
Hlengiwe said her father phoned to update the family about the strike shortly before he died.
The last time he phoned, he told her the situation was getting tense, and that helicopters and police had been sent to the mine.
?They should have dismissed him rather than kill him like that,? she said.
? Sizwe Sama Yende
Bongani Mdza (28)
Bongani would have started building his house last week. Instead, he was buried in his home village of Jabavu, near the Eastern Cape town of Matatiele.
His sister, MmaTshepo Letshaba, said Bongani had told her he would soon be taking his month-long leave to begin building his home on a plot
he bought next to her house.
?He asked to be fetched from Matatiele on Friday, August 31,? MmaTshepo said, adding that hewas very excited about the prospect of having a home of his own.
He was going to move his wife and two-year-old daughter, with whom he lived in a shack in the Nkaneng informal settlement near the mine in Marikana, into the new house once it was built.
Bongani had worked for Lonmin for several years since dropping out of school in Grade 9, his sister said.
?He helped us a lot, he assisted whenever we needed help.?
MmaTshepo said that as her husband worked far away from home, as a driver in Mpumalanga, Bongani helped out whenever her and her family were in need of extra money.
The two of them were very close, she said, as their parents had died when they were young.
She and her brother were raised by her husband?s family.
?Sishiyeke sibabini ngoku (there?s only two of us left now),? she said, referring to herself and her brother?s widow, who she regards as her only remaining sibling.
? Loyiso Sidimba
Jackson Lehupa (48)
Jackson dreamed of his wife and eight children having a proper home.
His brother, Joel, said the man who was buried at his homestead in Bethania, near the Eastern Cape town of Mount Fletcher last weekend, was passionate about improving his family?s circumstances.
That could have been what prompted the rock-drill operator to join the strike.
?I?m worried because he left a house he had just started building with the little money he had,? Joel said.
?So I really don?t know who is going to finish it. Recently, when we were preparing for the funeral, we had to put a tent on top of those walls with no window and no doors.?
The family remains as he left them, occupying a single rondavel and one other room.
?He was trying his best to build up something for his family,? Joel said.
Joel said the Lehupas appreciated government support, especially the counselling sessions social workers had with Jackson?s wife and children.
Although Lonmin has promised to educate the children of the mine workers shot dead, Joel said the family discovered in the days leading up to his brother?s funeral that some of his younger children were not registered as dependants with his employer, Lonmin.
?They?re there, they?re his,? he said.
? Loyiso Sidimba
Thabile Mpumza (26)
Thabile had not been working for Lonmin for nearly a year when he was shot dead.
?He worked there for two years, but was fired last year after taking part in an illegal strike,? said his sister, Xolelwa.
His family says he only joined the protest after the Association of Mineworkers and Construction Union (Amcu) promised to help him get his job back.
Thabile, from the village of Mvalweni, near Mount Ayliff, was his family?s sole breadwinner.
He supported his one-year-old baby, his siblings and their children, aged between 7 and 13.
He dropped out of school in Grade 7 following his parents? deaths as ?he could no longer afford school fees and a uniform?, his brother said.
He wanted better for his nieces and nephews, all of whom he was putting through school.
After leaving school, Mpumza went to Johannesburg and landed a job at a company manufacturing aluminium products, before joining relatives on the platinum fields in North West.
?It?s hard, we don?t even know where to start,? said Xolelwa at the family?s homestead overlooking the Mvalweni River.
Thabile died a few days after his grandfather passed away. They were buried on consecutive weekends.
His desperate siblings are now asking Lonmin to reinstate his position and allow his elder brother, Siyabulela (32), to take over his job as a rock-drill operator. He has been unemployed since 2003.
? Loyiso Sidimba
Thabiso Mosebetsane
Thabiso?s 74-year-old mother still feels physical pain following the shock of being told her son was shot dead at Marikana.
?We only got to know he was dead when others were already buried,? she said.
?I?m sickly following his death. My body aches,? she told City Press at her modest homestead in the village of Matsheleng, near Mount Fletcher.
Thabiso?s mother said he was in his 50s and his death had left three of his four children orphaned.
After his first wife ? the mother of his eldest three ? died, he remarried and lived with his second wife, the mother of his youngest child, in the Nkaneng informal settlement near the mine at which he worked as a winch erector.
His youngest son from his first marriage, Tshepo, a Grade 10 pupil at Sidinane High School, used to visit his father in the school holidays.
?I?m at home now. Because my grandmother?s pension payout is still a few weeks away, I didn?t go to school,? Tshepo said.
Mrs Mosebetsane said her son last came home for his father?s funeral in December 2010.
?We?re grateful to the Sassa (SA Social Security Agency), which brought groceries,? she said, pointing to a food parcel delivered by government officials.
Thabiso was buried at his village yesterday.
? Loyiso Sidimba
Thabiso Thelejane (55)
Thabiso may have known that he was going to die.
In his modest shack in Nkaneng a few months before he was killed, he told his wife, MmaKopano, the mother of his only child, whom he lovingly always called ?dear?: ?Respect me when I?m dead. Respect my grave.?
He lived with his wife in Nkaneng near the Marikana mine, described as a ?house of laughter? by a neighbour who had travelled from there to attend his funeral.
Their home, however, was in Paballong, near the Eastern Cape town of Matatiele.
Others described Thelejane and his wife as a rare sight for a couple their age.
?It?s rare to see grown-ups so in love like lovelorn teenagers,? said a neighbour.
?No man loved Jesus like Ntate Thabiso,? said one of his fellow parishioners at Paballong?s Roman Catholic Church.
Another of his colleagues at Lonmin, Nkopane Mokoena, said they nicknamed Thelejane ?Mapopota?. Those in his village and close friends affectionately called him ?Zem Zem?.
Mokoena said Thelejane was a kind man and a people person who did not hesitate to join the strike that led to his death because he wanted to support his colleagues? cause.
He had only been working at the mine, where he was employed as a team leader, for a few months.
His family said that they hoped his blood and that of his 33 colleagues would water the tree of freedom for mine workers.
His wife?s sister, who only identified herself as Ms Gungubele, said Thelejane was like a brother, always willing to help whenever his in-laws were in need.
?He was inseparable from his wife,? she said.
? Loyiso Sidimba
Mafolisi Mabiya (28)
?My son was very young, that?s all I know,? said Nosajini Mabiya, Mafolisi?s heartbroken mother.
Nosajini said her son?s main priority was to build their home ? a two-roomed mud rondavel and a half-finished flatlet.
?My son was proud of his home. He dreamed of building a big house and fencing it. When I think about him, it pains me because I remember all the things he has done for me and all the things he still wanted to do,? she said.
Mafolisi has two sisters, one of whom travelled from Cape Town to mourn her brother at the village near the Mbhashe River in the Eastern Cape.
As his mother spoke, young men from the village were digging the final resting place for their friend.
The miner leaves behind a young wife, Pumeza, and their one-year-old boy, Buhle.
?He was a good father to our son. The anger we have is not directed at anyone, but it?s from the pain we feel,? said Pumeza.
Mafolisi was the only breadwinner in the family.
? Athandiwe Saba
Molefi Ntsoele (40)
It takes almost an entire day of driving on dangerously winding dirt roads snaking almost 3 000 metres up into the Maluti Mountains to reach the village of Ha Tebesi in Lesotho.
From Maseru, you reach the trading post of Semonkong two hours away.
There, you wait until late afternoon for a ride in a beat-up 4x4 that takes you on the final leg of the trip, on a precariously narrow rocky road that passes through tiny villages that cling to the mountain tops like ant hills.
In Maseru people mention one thing and one thing only about Semonkong ? the road.
After an hour on a winding, rocky track that would give anyone with a phobia for heights a heart attack, a shepherd looks at our tiny Ford Fiesta and smiles.
?It?s not very far. Behind that snow- capped mountain,? he says.
In the end we cannot reach Ha-Tebesi.
A government official on a site visit says it?s still a further two hours away and there is no way in hell we?ll make it in our car.
Molefi made this long trip once every two months, carrying groceries and provisions for his family.
He was employed by Lonmin as a rock-drill operator at Karee mine in Marikana.
He died on August 16, together with 33 other miners, when police fired on striking workers.
His last journey home was in a helicopter, when his body was airlifted from Maseru to Ha-Tebesi for burial yesterday.
? Lucas Ledwaba
Telang Mohai (37)
The old man?s voice trembles slightly when he relates an incident he will remember forever.
His nephew Telang had come home to Lithoteng Village, Ha-Pita, near Maseru, Lesotho, to visit his family.
He had spent a long month away earning a living at Lonmin mine near Rustenburg, where he was employed as a general production hand.
Telang gave the old man a parcel containing a new pair of brown leather shoes and a green pair of pants.
?Uncle,? Mohai senior recalls his nephew?s exact words, ?I want you to be the best-dressed old man in Lesotho.
I don?t want to see any older person dressed better than you.?
These words, Mohai senior says, define the kind of person Telang was, a kind and generous soul who lived for his family.
He loved spending time in the pastures of his home village, working in the fields and looking after his cattle and sheep. But most of all he loved his family, his wife and three daughters. He had been saving to complete a beautiful face-brick house for them on the property of his late parents home where he grew up.
?What has happened is very painful,? said Mohai senior.
?I?ve worked on the mines for 32 years and have been involved in many strikes. In those days, there were many ways of quelling
strikes ? tear gas, police dogs, water cannons.
?The police would disperse people so that they would go home and calm down. But this one I?ve never seen in my whole life.?
? Lucas Ledwaba
Andries Ntshenyeho (42)
Andries had been about to quit his job as a rock-drill operator at Lonmin?s Karee mine when he was killed by police.
A father of five, who had toiled on the mines around Rustenburg since 1990, he had been finalising plans to resign and follow his dream ? starting a transport company at home in the Gauteng town of Vanderbijlpark.
His son, Thabang, said: ?He was planning to buy a 22-seater bus to transport kids to school. He had been saving for the bus for many years. He was going to use the profit there to finance other buses and thereby start a serious transport company.?
Thabang described his father as a ?peaceful family man who never partied or drank alcohol. He took good care of us.
He was supportive and came home every month?s end. When he was around, he would spend the whole weekend with the family.?
His deepest desire, his son said, was for his children to go to university.
?He preached it every day. He liked school and seized every opportunity to tell us to study to avoid turning out as he had.
?He would sit me down and tell me about the difficulties, and how they are exploited in the mines.?
Now, Thabang says, he has to put his studies on hold and find a job to provide for his family.
? Sipho Masondo
Matlhomola Mabelane (46)
Matlhomola was on leave when he was killed, allegedly by striking miners.
The security guard at Lonmin?s Karee mine had been called in by his bosses to help as the uprising at the mine began, his weeping
83-year-old mother said this week.
According to reports at the time, Matlhomola was burned to death alongside his colleague Hassan Fundi that Saturday. Mine officials only discovered their bodies the following Monday.
His mother had begged him to stay on leave and not to become involved in the strike.
?I told him not to go but he insisted on going,? his mother said.
?He was dedicated to his job, his family and myself.
?He was loyal. He was supposed to come and see me, as he always did when he was off. I called and called, but he didn?t answer his phone.?
Matlhomola, who is survived by his wife, Linah, and three children with whom he lived in Damonsville, outside Brits, North West, was a ?very good son?.
?He looked after me. He was at my service and on call every time I needed him.
?I will never find another son like him. He came to this house literally every Sunday.
?He wanted me to be happy all the time. He was special and everything to me,? she said.
? Sipho Masondo
Papi Ledingoane (24)
Lebo Ledingoane could not bear the trauma of talking about the death of her brother Papi, who was killed by police, along with 33 other miners on August 16.
Speaking from Wonderkop settlement near Lonmin?s Karee mine in Marikana, where her brother worked as an engineering assistant, she said: ?The wounds are still fresh. We are not right as a family. No one knows how to handle this. We are all dealing with it in the best way we know.?
Lebo referred all queries to her uncle, Lucas Ledingoane, who began to weep when asked about Papi. ?What can we say?
The pain is unbearable. He leaves behind three brothers and a sister, who depended on him. He has a two-year daughter, Tsenolo.?
Lucas said he first heard of Papi?s death when he saw his dead body on the front page of Daily Sun the day after the tragedy.
?You can only imagine how I felt as an uncle,? he said, crying. ?He was a responsible young man. The wellbeing of this family rested on his shoulders. We are stranded without him?.
? Sipho Masondo
Van Wyk Sagalala (60)
Van Wyk was supposed to have married his longtime fianc?e, Kedineetse Lydia Mohutsane (49), this month.
?I?m hurting, I don?t even know what to say about this loss,? she said at his funeral last Saturday, which was held in the village of Setlagole, outside Mahikeng, North West.
?We had been together for three years.
?He was easy-going and always kept order in the house.?
She last spoke to the father of two, who worked as an equipper at Lonmin?s Karee mine, at 1.40pm on Thursday, shortly before he was
killed.
?He told me they?re on the hill, but they?re just sitting there peacefully.
I pleaded with him not to go to the hill again, but he said I should fear nothing.
?Even when I told him I?m worried about their strike, he said that there?s nothing to worry about and that I should send him a callback at 7pm that evening so that he can give me a progress report,? she said.
?He had promised that we?ll go and sign for our marriage this month and wear wedding rings because he?s been saying that his employers want a copy of a marriage certificate.?
Van Wyk?s sister-in-law, Binky Metswamere, said he was always full of good advice.
?The one thing I remember about him is his painful words when he said he wished he could die before me, because at least he knows I?ll be able to take care of everything he leaves behind,? she said.
?These words have now become a reality two or three months later. It was sad to lose my brother, but it became possible to accept because of his prophetic words,? Binky said.
? Lucky Nxumalo
Babalo Mtshazi (26)
Babalo?s sisters are so sad they cannot bring themselves to even talk about their brother.
?This has really torn them up inside,? said Nozipho Mtshazi, their mother. ?The slightest mention of his name brings them to tears. He loved them so.?
Babalo was one of six children.
?I moved to this village because my son, Babalo, had finally gotten a job. I knew then that he would help me build our family a place they can call home. He wanted to build me and his younger siblings a big home. He had so many dreams,? she said.
The three rondavels and the newly completed flat that house the family were all built by her son.
All his siblings, except for one, are studying and were dependent on him.
Babalo left Nkanga school in Grade 7 when he became aware that his mother and siblings were struggling to make ends meet.
He headed for the mines, leaving behind his love of athletics, at which he excelled.
?Just over a month before he died we had a house-warming ceremony which he organised and made sure that every person from the village was fed and had enough to drink.
That was the kind and generous boy my son was,? added Nozipho.
Her son was never married but was father to two boys, Lisakhanya (3) and Masixole (13).
?He loved his boys very much and he was very proud of them,? said Nozipho.
? Athandiwe Saba
Bonginkosi Yona (32)
Baby Mihle Yona, only 21 days old, suckles on his mother in Maqhusha village near Lady Frere in Eastern Cape, not knowing he will grow up without a father.
But the infant?s mother Nandipha knows all too well she will never see her beloved husband again.
The last time she saw Bonginkosi was in a mortuary near Lonmin?s Marikana mine in Rustenburg.
?He was only seven days old when his father was killed,? said Nandipha Yona of her infant son.
The couple have another son, five-year-old Babalo.
Her husband was a rock-drill operator who had worked at the Lonmin mine for just more than two years.
Today Nandipha is reminded of her husband by the local church at which he was a pastor.
As she speaks, the small, recently extended mud home is filled with members of Bonginkosi?s church, who beat drums and sing to remember him and to mourn with her.
The stern yet forever helpful Bonginkosi grew up in Ngcobo in Eastern Cape and moved to Lady Frere before he became a teenager.
When he married, the couple moved in with his sickly mother, who passed away last year.
Nandipha says her husband?s only dream was to watch his children grow and make something of themselves.
?He was a selfless man who said he didn?t want to die with his children so young,? she said, ?I can?t see things getting any better from here. We have no one left.?
? Athandiwe Saba
Khanare Monesa (36)
He was looking forward to the birth of his first child in three months? time. The birth of the child would also coincide with his first wedding anniversary. But these dreams were shattered by a bullet to the left side of his head.
Khanare returned to his village of Boroeng near Butha Buthe, Lesotho, in a coffin.
His young wife Mmathabisile (23), his brother Motlalepula (33) and their sister Makgotso (39) will no longer roll with laughter at his jokes.
They say he was a funny man who enjoyed teasing people.
He loved his family and his wife, and was beyond excited when he learnt she was pregnant with their first child.
He loved football too, a game he played well into his 30s for teams in Rustenburg where he worked as a rock-drill operator at Karee mine. He loved the skull and crossbones of his beloved Orlando Pirates and was always glued to the TV whenever they played.
He also loved his cattle and called to check if they were well looked after. Two of the cattle were sacrificed for his funeral.
Monesa was also saving money to renovate his two-roomed house.
?He just wanted people to be happy all the time. He was a people?s person. Now I don?t know if life is going to be the same without him,? said Motlalepula.
?My only hope is that when his child is born, he?ll look exactly like him. The child will be a reminder to all of us that we once had a beautiful brother who was killed.?
? Lucas Ledwaba
Semi Jokanisi (29)
Semi was a step away from taking his place as a married man in the Nqaqhumbe community in Lusikisiki, Transkei.
Semi and a winch operator at Lonmin were in lobola talks to bring a wife to his new house and had promised his father, Goodman, this would be done by December ? his 30th birthday.
?I was excited that the family tree was growing, and that he had built a house for himself and was now going to get married,? his father said.
?But now all those dreams have been shattered because he was fighting to earn a decent living wage,? said Goodman.
Semi had five children. His eldest turned 11 in July. The youngest is six. ?It is a big blow. We were the only two looking after our big family. I hope and pray our government doesn?t let such a thing happen again,? Goodman said.
Goodman is also a miner at Lonmin and counts himself lucky that he was on leave when tragedy struck.
? Thanduxolo Jika
Thembinkosi Gwelani (27)
The last time Musa Gwelani saw his cousin Thembinkosi was when he cradled him in his arms on the killing field of Marikana.
Thembinkosi had been shot in the back of the head and Musa tried to lift him, but he couldn?t and the police were fast approaching so he let him go and ran for his life.
?The next time I saw him was at a mortuary and there was a bullet wound in his head,? said Musa.
Thembinkosi was apparently caught in the hail of bullets while delivering food to the striking miners.
His death is devastating to his family. He had been at Lonmin to look for employment in order to help his six orphaned siblings.
Now the young siblings have no hope for survival in the poor Makhwaleni village in the Lusikisiki district of Eastern Cape.
The siblings ? five of whom are unemployed and one still at school ? will have to rely on their grandmother?s pension to survive.
?At least Themba sent money and took care of everything. As you can see, there is nothing in this house,? said one of the siblings who asked not to be named.
?We at times sleep on empty stomachs.?
The Gwelani family have had to turn to their neighbours to help them bury Thembinkosi.
The villagers collected enough money to lay him to rest.
Musa said Thembinkosi will be remembered for his passion for traditional Mpondo music, which he also performed, even in the mines.
? Thanduxolo Jika
Thobisile Zibambele (39)
Nonkululeko Zibambele holds dearly onto the last memory she has of her husband: giving him a warm bath at his two-roomed shack near Lonmin?s Marikana mine a little over a month ago.
Nonkululeko had visited Thobisile from the couple?s home in Eastern Cape and recalls that at the time, Thobisile, a staunch Pirates fan, was celebrating his team?s win over fierce rivals Kaizer Chiefs during the Carling Black Label Cup in July.
But Thobisile was also a family man who sacrificed everything for his four children by going to the mines to earn money to give them a better life.
?Our child is in matric this year and Thobisile wanted him to further his studies and not be frustrated by being unemployed,? she said.
?With that little money he was earning in the mines he was determined all his children should get a better education than him.
?But right now I am left with no hope because those people took away the only hope we had in this family,? said the widow.
Thobisile was born in Nyazi village in Lusikisiki in the Transkei and was not only providing for his wife and children but had started building a house for his mother, whom he had only met this year.
She had lived for years in Mpumalanga and family issues had resulted in them not meeting before.
But Thobisile had begun to heal a rift in the family and had planned a family gathering in December, where a sheep was to be slaughtered for a family reunion.
? Thanduxolo Jika
Janaveke Liau (47)
The last time Mamohai Mashale saw her uncle Janaveke was on August 14 when he returned to Rustenburg, where he worked as a rock-drill operator at Lonmin?s Karee mine.
As the only remaining sibling and breadwinner, Janaveke had gone home to the village of Likolobeng, in the heart of Lesotho?s Maluti Mountains, to participate in a cleansing ceremony for his late brother, a former mine worker who died in July, apparently from complications arising from a stroke he suffered seven years earlier.
After arriving in Rustenburg, Janaveke called Mashale.
?I am going to war,? he said. ?We are on strike. But I promise you I won?t die. I will be fine.?
But Mashale was worried.
?Uncle, please come home,? she pleaded.
Janaveke did come home two weeks later ? in a coffin.
Janaveke, a father of four children aged between 4 and 14, was described by Mashale as a caring and selfless man who also provided for his late elder brother?s wife and children.
?He was a very caring man. He was a very important man to many families because he did not discriminate against anyone. He was the breadwinner. We have lost our father, we are left as orphans. He was our trusted one, our provider. We don?t know what will become of us now,? said Mashale.
?He helped us in many ways, clothes, food, anything we asked for. He provided without any complaints. It did not matter if you were his
child or not, he did not discriminate.?
? Lucas Ledwaba
Mphumzeni Ngxande (38)
After years of struggling on the streets of Cape Town doing odd jobs, Mphumzeni finally got a break in 2008 when he packed his bags and went to work as a mine worker for Lonmin in North West.
Mphumzeni was born in Lujizweni village in Ngqeleni, 20km outside Mthatha in Eastern Cape but life was tough and there were no jobs for
him there.
His search for a living led him to Lonmin and his success in finding a job provided his family with their greatest hope for the future.
His father, Mboneni Ngxande, said it was difficult for the family to speak about their son, who was a rock-drill operator at Lonmin, as it was not acceptable in their culture to do so before a funeral.
However, Mboneni said his son had a wife, a child of his own and two other children who relied on his wages from the mines.
?He had warned us about the strike and raised fears that he might lose his job and have to come back home.
He said he had no choice but to join in the strike because everyone was involved,? his father recalled.
?I really got worried because we kept hearing on the radio there was violence at Marikana and that people were dying,? he said.
News of his death came as an enormous shock as the Mphumzeni they knew was a peaceful person.
His father said the family hoped their child had not died in vain and that life on the mines would improve for others from the villages as a result.
? Athandiwe Saba
Mvuyisi Pato (35)
Mvuyisi sweated on the mines to help give his sister a better life.
He chipped in every month to assist his parents pay for her fees at Fort Hare University in Alice in the Eastern Cape.
The 35-year-old Mvuyisi was born in Mbhobheni Village in Mbizana in the Eastern Cape and his death has left his parents with no idea where they will get the extra money they need to get their daughter through her second-year studies.
Mvuyise?s mother, Manqupha Pato, said her son was dedicated to his family and ensured that his younger siblings got a chance to get a better education.
?He was caring and not selfish. Even though he was building his own house, he made sure that his sister, who is at Fort Hare, got all the financial support she needed.
?It is very painful to us that we have lost him as you can see his father is a pensioner and I am in no position to work,? said Manqupha.
She said Mvuyisi and his two older siblings had a tough upbringing because the family was poor and this had forced him and his brother, Vuyisile, to look for work on the mines in the North West.
Vuyisile, who also works at Lonmin as a rock-drill operator, said he had just left Mvuyisi the day before the shootings to visit the family.
?The strike wasn?t ending and I told him I was going home. He said he was staying behind with the rest of the guys.
?But he told me to tell our parents not to worry,? Vuyisile recalled.
?It was a shock to get a call from the other guys telling me he had been killed,? said Vuyisile.
He will remember his brother for his bravery.
?He died for all of us in the mines.?
? Thanduxolo Jika
Mzukisi Sompeta (37)
Mzukisi?s family, from the dirt-poor kwaDiki Village in the Lusikisiki district of Eastern Cape, was expecting him home soon, bearing gifts as he always did.
Instead, the last time they saw him was when they buried him last Saturday.
Mzukisi, a rock-drill operator, died at Marikana and, like many who fell with him, his passing leaves a chasm in his rural home.
In the villages of Lusikisiki, families mark their rise from poverty by building brick homes to replace their traditional rondavels.
For the Sompetas, this was an ongoing project fuelled by Mzukisi?s earnings from Lonmin.
He was due to come home for his annual leave only a week after the day that he died, where he would have continued extending the family rondavel with brick buildings.
But those dreams died with him at Marikana.
His family remembers him as a man who loved to sing, especially popular church hymns. ? Thanduxolo Jika
Ndikhokhele Yehova - even though he could never bring himself to admit that he was not a great singer.
?As you can see his father can?t do anything. He walks with a stick and has to be assisted to go anywhere. He is just a pensioner who is not well, so Mzukisi was now the one who was heading this household. None of my other two children are working so we are back to struggling because the family is big,? said Mzukisi?s mother Mabhengu Sompeta.
Dressed in her black mourning garmet and sitting on a mattress in the rondavel, Mabhengu mourned the loss of a man who had brought peace to their lives.
Phumzile Sokhanyile (48)
Phumzile was so loved by his family that his mother collapsed and died when she heard he had been killed at Marikana.
Phumzile had many nicknames in Mdumazulu village in the Transkei, but most remember him as uMshumayeli (The Preacher) who would grab every opportunity at a funeral to stand and quote Bible verses.
The nickname still makes people smile in the village as they recall a younger Phumzile, who would rather herd cattle than head to church on a Sunday with his grandfather and his siblings.
?If there was ever a funeral in the village he would be present and would take a chance and preach, which was very funny because he never used to like church,? said his sister Nozukile.
?He made us laugh and everyone in the village liked him because of his jokes and his caring nature,? she said.
Nozukile said her brother resembled their father so much he would sometimes claim to be him when teasing his mother.
?He was very close to his mother and made her laugh every time he came back home. He would say ?umyeni wakho ubuyile (your husband has returned)? and our mother would give him a very big smile and hug,? said Nozukile.
She said it was no coincidence their mother collapsed and died after hearing of his death. He was so central to her life.
Phumzile had hopes of taking his daughter, who is in matric this year, through university, an opportunity he had never had.
? Tnanduxolo Jika
http://www.citypress.co.za/SouthAfrica/News/Remembering-Marikana-The-man-in-the-green-blanket-20120908
Mgcineni Noki (34)
Mgcineni from Thwalikhulu in Mqanduli, Eastern Cape, was ?The Man in the Green Blanket?.
Mgcineni, although at the time his identity was not known, was a prominent leader known only by the green blanket he wore about his shoulders, He featured prominently in TV footage leading up to the shooting of 34 miners at Marikana.
When the guns fell silent, he was among the dead.
He was affectionately known as ?Mambush? and his family say it was no mistake he was chosen by other miners to be their leader. It was an extension of who he was.
?Our parents died a long time ago. My elder brother and his wife had to take care of us, but they also later passed away. Mambush was the father here. He took care of us and this home. We have nothing without him now,? said his sibling Nolufefe Noki.
The 30-year-old miner had been working at Lonmin since 2007.
?He was a driven man who was promoted in a year and received training to become a rock-drill operator,? said his cousin Mbulelo Noki, also one of the striking miners.
?Mgcineni was a very caring young man who never gave the village any problems. He even used to buy his former teachers cold drinks when he was home,? said villager Nowathile Ngcangwe, who went to mourn with the Noki family.
?I want people to know that we are very hurt and broken by what happened. People now think my brother was a violent person.
He wasn?t,? said Nolufefe. ?I remember he would be the one who would calm us down and ask that we always keep the peace among us,?
she said.
He was a great Pirates fan and also loved weightlifting. He was married and had a three-year-old child, Asive.
Mbulelo said the last time he saw his cousin was on August 13.
?He was different, I didn?t like the person I saw. We were supposed to go home to our cousin?s funeral, but he didn?t even want to speak about it.
?He was taking his role as the strike leader very seriously,? said Mbulelo.
? Athandiwe Saba
Mongezeleli Ntenetya (34)
As the only breadwinner for 15 people, Mongezeleli was the champion of his family.
At his relatively young age, the rock-drill operator had to provide for his mother, his wife, his three children and his eight younger siblings.
His was the only income for the family home which lies off a gravel road in the village of Nqabarha near Dutywa in Eastern Cape.
He had worked at the mine since the age of 22.
?He was a humble man, who took care of us all,? said Mongezeleli?s wife Nosipho, her eyes bloodshot and swollen from crying.
The family find it hard to even talk of their lost relative.
Mongezeleli?s mother, Nowathile, said her son?s only dream was to educate his siblings.
?He wanted such a better future for his sisters and brothers and they all looked up to him,? she said.
He was not a miner who would return home only once a year.
?He came home as regularly as he could because he wanted to make sure the garden was ploughed and that everything was in order,? added Nosipho.
Orlando, one of his younger brothers, said he did not know what life would be like now that his brother was gone.
?Though my brother didn?t have much, whatever we asked for he would give it to us. He was a kind man, a big man who loved making everyone laugh. But right now none of us at home can really talk about it. It hurts,? he said.
? Athandiwe Saba
Anele Mdizeni (29)
Anele from Cwede near Elliotdale in the Eastern Cape had an upbringing where laughter was treasured.
After his death, the family gathered in a rondavel lit with a single candle, made jokes and decided to remember only the good times they enjoyed with him in his short life.
Anele grew up in Cwede and started working at the mine at the age of 22.
His brother, Vuyisani, remembers Anele as a talkative young man who went out of his way to make people laugh.
?We would be in stitches all day. We?d go hungry because of laughter. When he saw his jokes had made us hungry, he would dig into his pocket and buy us bread,? remembers cousin Luvuyo Mveli.
?We were expecting so much. He was here just this past Easter. My son had big dreams. He wanted to buy a car, especially to transport me around,? said his mother, Notshovile Mdizeni.
?My brother wanted a good life for his family and he knew he had to work hard to achieve his dreams. He took great pride in his job,? said Vuyisani.
Luvuyo tries to explain the day they were told Anele had been killed. ?It was a painful day. Everyone was wailing. I can?t explain further because it hurts.?
Anele, a Pirates fan, married in 2009 and has a six-year-old child, Asisipho.
? Athandiwe Saba
Mongezeleli Ntenetya (34)
As the only breadwinner for 15 people, Mongezeleli was the champion of his family.
At his relatively young age, the rock-drill operator had to provide for his mother, his wife, his three children and his eight younger siblings.
His was the only income for the family home which lies off a gravel road in the village of Nqabarha near Dutywa in Eastern Cape.
He had worked at the mine since the age of 22.
?He was a humble man, who took care of us all,? said Mongezeleli?s wife Nosipho, her eyes bloodshot and swollen from crying.
The family find it hard to even talk of their lost relative.
Mongezeleli?s mother, Nowathile, said her son?s only dream was to educate his siblings.
?He wanted such a better future for his sisters and brothers and they all looked up to him,? she said.
He was not a miner who would return home only once a year.
?He came home as regularly as he could because he wanted to make sure the garden was ploughed and that everything was in order,? added Nosipho.
Orlando, one of his younger brothers, said he did not know what life would be like now that his brother was gone.
?Though my brother didn?t have much, whatever we asked for he would give it to us. He was a kind man, a big man who loved making everyone laugh. But right now none of us at home can really talk about it.
It hurts,? he said.
? Athandiwe Saba
Bongani Nqongophele (28)
Bongani?s wife was so distraught at the news of his death that she tried to take her own life by drinking pesticide.
Nosipho Ntonga, Bongani?s sister-in-law, said: ?His wife couldn?t take the news. She is so weak right now. She tried to commit suicide.?
His mother was so shocked she also required medical care.
Bongani had been working at Lonmin for a year as a driller after leaving his sparsely populated village near Elliotdale in the Eastern Cape.
There he had married his wife, Nombulelo, in 2008 and the couple were devoted to each other.
?I would trade places with my brother-in-law in a heartbeat if I could,? said Nosipho.
?He was very young and had so much he was looking forward to. My sister is at the doctor now because she is so weak.
?I don?t want her to find me in tears like this. I have to be strong for her.? She wept.
The father, husband and brother had many plans for himself and his family.
?He had just started to build his own house down the road from our home.
?He was planning to buy a car and make a good life for his wife and child,? said Khanyisa Nqongophele, Bongani?s sister.
He had a five-year-old child, Anga.
When he was at home, he loved nothing more than to play with the children and to tend to his father?s cattle.
?Every December, the whole family would come home. I don?t know how it will be this year with our father gone and now our youngest brother.
?This is very painful,? said Khanyisa, who cried as she spoke.
? Athandiwe Saba
Ntandazo Nokhamba (36)
Ntandazo had been a machine operator at the Lonmin mine since 2006.
Back at his home village of Ngcolorha in Libode, Eastern Cape, his uncle Madaka Nokhamba remembers a man who respected traditional customs and behaviour.
?Every time he came home the first thing he did was to go to every home in this village and let people know that he was home. He was a disciplined boy who followed in our footsteps,? he said.
Ntandazo?s older brother Malokwane admitted that the day he heard his brother had passed he ?wept bitterly?.
He said: ?He was a big part of this village. He loved the youth. Last time he was here he said he would buy the highest scoring (village) player a pair of soccer boots.
That was his last promise to the kids,? said Malokwane.
Ntandazo?s sister Nophelo said: ?He spent three years in Johannesburg looking for work.
?We prayed every day that he would be finally hired. He was the father of this home.
?Though I?m widowed he still took care of me and my family. He also took care of his elder brother?s family.
?We have nothing without my brother. It has been very difficult without him.
?My mother even tried to hang herself after she heard the news. She is distraught.?
Ntandazo was married to Nosakhe Nokhamba and they had five children: Khuselwa (13), Siziphiwe (11), Liyabonga (7), Zozibini (2) and Elam (1).
? Anthandiwe Saba
Fezile Saphendu (23)
Fezile left his quiet village of Kwayimani in Mqanduli in the Eastern Cape two years ago to find work at the mine.
?He was such a hard-working boy. He passed so well in Grade 12 but, unfortunately, he didn?t have the money to study further. That?s why he decided to go work at that mine,? said his sister-in-law, Noingilane Saphendu.
Fezile was a ?people person? who always had advice for others.
?He wanted to become a social worker. He would have been very good at it. He had a talent for dealing with people,? said Noingilane.
The family members gathered on the lawn in front of Fezile?s newly painted home fondly remembered his antics.
?When he came home, he used to buy us all these sweet things.
?Anything we asked for here at home he would provide. He loved biscuits and sweets,? laughed Nokulunga Saphendu, another sister-in-law.
?I would be satisfied if my brother-in-law had been ill.
?If we at least had time to say goodbye to him...but for him to be taken away from us like this, we will never heal,? said Nokulunga.
She said although Fezile?s father had had two wives and many children, Fezile loved all his siblings equally.
? Athandiwe Saba
Nkosiyabo Xalabile (31)
Nkosiyabo worked side by side with his younger brother, Mandlenkosi (25), at the Lonmin mine.
The brothers are from Manganyela near Elliotdale in the Eastern Cape.
Mandlenkosi remembers his older brother as someone he could talk to, always depend on and who would protect him.
They stood together on strike at Marikana from day one of the labour action. Mandlenkosi remembered trying to find his brother on the day of the shooting. He was nowhere to be found.
Then all of a sudden he said he felt very cold.
?I just became so thirsty. My heartbeat became very irregular, and at the pit of my stomach I knew he was gone even before our pastor, at her house, told me she found his name on the deceased list in the hospital,? he said.
Nkosiyabo leaves behind his young wife, Lilitha, whom he married in a green-and-white wedding in July.
He was a religious man and an avid churchgoer.
He loved soccer and was a part-time coach of a team called the Eleven Strikers.
His mother, Nonezile, found it hard to talk. She said her son loved her beyond words.
Now all Nkosiyabo?s responsibilities rest on the shoulders of his younger brother.
? Athandiwe Saba
Mphangeli Thukuza (42)
In the small Transkei village of Nquba, Mphangeli had a big reputation. He was a respected Pondo man with two wives and six children living in a beautiful village home.
Local men speak of Mphangeli?s charm and smooth talking ? especially with women.
He earned respect as he was able to provide for his large family and was working towards buying a car. His three brothers sang his praises.
?He was a good man and worked hard. Those two wives, whom he loved dearly, are really hurting,? said brother Jamela Thukuza.
?He did everything for them with his own money and all that is gone. It is painful because we have also lost a brother and our father has lost a son. We fear his death may have brought poverty to his house,? said Jamela.
Mphangeli?s brothers also work on mines in North West.
They demand that a relative continue their brother?s legacy by taking his job as an operator at Lonmin.
? Thanduxolo Jika
Hassan Duncan Fundi (46)
Hassan Fundi was one of the security guards working for Lonmin. He was killed five days before police opened fire on the protesting miners.
Hassan?s wife, Aisha, with whom he lived in a suburb of Rustenburg, told City Press this week that she could not reveal any information about her husband, or provide a picture of him, before a family meeting to be held at the weekend.
However, according to reports at the time, Hassan and his colleague, Frans Matlhomola Mabelane, were burned to death on the Saturday and mine officials only discovered their bodies the following Monday.
One of them had been reportedly shot dead ? five times in his upper body ? allegedly by striking mine workers, and the other had been hacked.
? Nicki G?les
Sello Lepaaku (45)
Warrant Officer Sello was allegedly hacked to death by striking Lonmin workers.
He was buried at Seabo Village in Siyabuswa, Mpumalanga, on August 19.
Sello?s family and his widow, Petunia, were too grief-stricken to speak to City Press.
However, at his funeral, National Police Commissioner Riah Phiyega described him as a hero and a ?dedicated officer with integrity?.
His commanding officer said he was a disciplined, quiet man who worked hard.
Sello, a policeman of 24 years? standing, was attached to the public order policing unit at Phokeng, North West.
His family battled to retain their composure at the grave site during the officer?s salute and even Phiyega shed tears.
? Sizwe Sama Yende
Tsietsi Monene (47)
Career police officer Tsietsi reportedly died from gashes all over his body and two holes in his chest. His face had been hacked, allegedly by miners.
Tsietsi, a warrant officer with 21 years? experience, was connected to the Mpumalanga public order policing unit.
His unnamed cousin ? who spoke at the funeral of Warrant Officer Sello Lepaaku, with whom Tsietsi died ? said he had been told by a police officer that Tsietsi died because his colleagues had been too far away to help him.
?A policeman who was in the Nyala (with Tsietsi?s group) told me he had to fight to keep the door closed because they wanted to come in and kill him too,? The Star reported the cousin saying.
Tsietsi leaves behind five children ? aged between 12 and 23 ? and a grandson. He is survived by his wife, also a police officer, his mother, a brother and a sister. ? Nicki G?les
Makhosandile Mkhonjwa (29)
Makhosandile toiled in the mines to realise his one dream: to build his family a beautiful home in Madiba Village in Mbizana in the Eastern Cape.
Makhosandile cared for a family of 10 people, including his two children who are still at school.
His wife, Nokwanela Phakathi, said he was going to build a house for the family ? including his mother ? as their traditional rondavels could no longer withstand heavy rains and extreme weather.
She had no idea how they were going to survive now that he was dead.
?Things were tough even when he was still alive, but we could survive. We are left with nothing. We buried his father in March and now it is him. There is no man to take care of the family. They have taken the only person we were relying on,? said Nokwanela.
Makhosandile left his village in 2007, only kilometres away from the village home of struggle icon Winnie Madikizela-Mandela, in search of a job at the mines.
The barren rooms of the family?s home tells its own story of a history of daily struggles.
Makhosandile was a staunch churchgoer who, says his family, was loving, kind and never got involved in violence.
? Thanduxolo Jika

Source: http://nutopia2sergiofalcone.blogspot.com/2012/09/the-marikana-massacre-glimpse-of-men.html

Kirk Urso London 2012 Javelin